Study of B_c(1P)⁺ states in the (Formula Presented) mass spectrum

The study of a wide peaking structure in the (Formula Presented) mass spectrum is reported using a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb⁻¹. The observed structure is consistent with the lowest excited P-wave B⁺ _c states and exhibits a statistical significance exceeding 7 standard deviations relative to the background-only hypothesis. A two-peak model serves as an effective description of the data, with various theory-constrained models further explored to provide physical interpretation. Based on the predictions for the B_c(1P)⁺ spectrum, the relative production cross section of the overall B_c(1P)⁺ states with respect to the (Formula Presented) ground state with the transverse momentum p_T and rapidity y of (Formula Presented) mesons in the ffiffi regions p_T < 20 GeV=c and 2.0 < y < 4.5 at (Formula Presented) is measured to be 0.20 ± 0.03 ± 0.02 ± 0.03, where the uncertainty terms represent statistical, systematic, and uncertainties related to the choice of theoretical models, respectively. The results provide a test of theoretical models and deepen our understanding of quantum chromodynamics.