Considering that musculoskeletal disorders occur in paramedics when using ambulance stretchers, the design of this type of stretcher based on ergonomics was proposed as a thesis work. The literature on the functional, structural, dynamic, and ergonomic aspects to be considered when designing these devices was reviewed. Also, recent studies applied to the evaluation of stretchers were identified. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the ergonomic impact of the weight, opening angle and lifting system of a telescopic stretcher, by means of a structural and ergonomic analysis to avoid lesions in paramedics. A methodology based on a structural and biomechanical analysis was established with specialized software, which consisted of four stages. In the first, a preliminary design was selected based on the problem regarding the users involved. As a second stage, the components of the design concept were modeled, and the structure was analyzed using the finite element method. A rollover evaluation was then carried out, based on the quasistatic model of vehicles, using multi-body dynamics. Finally, ergonomic verification of the selected lifting system was carried out with a musculoskeletal model of load lifting. In that sense, a structure design was obtained with a weight of 45 kg whose strength and stability were tested. Compatibility with patient and ambulance cabin dimensions was also achieved. Thus, ergonomic elements were incorporated for lifting and mobilization operations that contribute to reduce lumbar load on paramedics.
Diseño de camilla de ambulancia basado en ergonomía para reducir lesiones en paramédicos
Prado Linares, A. (Author). 2022
Student thesis: Tesis de Pregrado