Influence of the introduction of electric vehicles on CO₂ emissions in Peru

In Peru, as in many countries, road transport is dominated by vehicles with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines, which represents a challenge for decarbonization in the world. In industrialized countries there is an interest in electric vehicles, with the aim of achieving emissions reduction objectives, to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. That is why the trend is to electrify the vehicle fleet, thereby reducing fossil fuel imports, thus progressively eliminating energy dependence. Lima has a serious pollution problem that is due to the transportation sector, both due to the emission of gases, as well as noise, traffic and the poor transportation system. For this reason, it is important to evaluate the environmental impact produced by electric vehicles at different penetration rates in the private sector transport fleet. The objective is to evaluate the importance of EVs in reducing GHG emissions. In this work, an econometric model is used and the use of neural networks ANN, the dependent variable is the CO2 emissions in Peru. Different scenarios have been created, each with different penetration rates. As a result, in the reduction of CO2 emissions, for light vehicles (cars), by 2030 in all scenarios, a reduction in emissions of 0.48% has been demonstrated for the global rate, 2.82% for an AAP scenario, 5.73% for a NGV scenario and a reduction of 20.99% for the very optimistic EV30@30 scenario. With the result, it is observed that the massification of EVs will be essential to reduce GHG emissions.