Experimental Analysis of LoRa Propagation Models for IoT Applications in Lima, Peru

This paper presents an evaluation of a LoRa-based data transmission system deployed across urban, suburban, and outdoor areas in Lima, Peru. The study highlights signal reliability challenges, particularly in dense urban environments where high-rise buildings and infrastructure cause significant attenuation and interference. Results show robust performance in outdoor settings, while urban areas required further analysis to address signal loss. The research applies and adapts Okumura-Hata propagation models, proposing new equations tailored to Lima's specific geographic and structural conditions. These equations provide a more accurate prediction of signal behavior in urban environments, guiding strategies for optimizing LoRa networks. Future work will explore solutions such as increased node density and repeaters to improve coverage without extensive infrastructure modifications.