Experimental Analysis of Hybrid Panels Combining Flax/PLA Composite with UHMWPE and Steel Under Ballistic Impact

This study investigates the feasibility of substituting UHMWPE and steel with flax/PLA green composite in ballistic applications with the objective to increase sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Results reveal that flax/PLA composite exhibits significantly lower ballistic performance than UHMWPE due to its lower energy absorption capacity. However, hybrid panels where 33% of UHMWPE was replaced by biocomposite showed similar values of V₅₀ than homogenous UHMWPE, suggesting potential for partial replacement without compromising ballistic performance. However, the hybrid panels of biocomposite and steel showed a ballistic limit much lower than pure steel. Analysis of scan results indicates distinct failure modes: UHMWPE exhibits viscoelastic deformation, biocomposites show local damage failure, and steel displays ductile behavior. These findings provide insights into the viability of hybridizing UHMWPE with biocomposites for eco-friendly ballistic applications.